Mercury is the planet of communication and intellect, and the lower octave of Uranus. Mercury takes about 2-3 weeks to pass through each sign of the zodiac, but can stay in one sign for up to ten weeks when it retrogrades (which it does three times a year). It is never more than one sign away from the Sun in anyone's chart due to it orbiting closer to the Sun than Earth does.
The flavor of all of the above will be determined by your Mercury sign, house, and aspecting planets (see below).
Mercurial people. People with Mercury strongly placed in their chart (for example, conjunct their Sun or Moon, or on one of their angles), or who have a lot of Gemini, are highly communicative and may act as connectors in their social and professional networks. Having a Mercurial nature can manifest as versatility and adaptability, but it may also lead to restlessness or a tendency to spread themselves too thin across various interests. (Kind of an ADHD vibe.)
Mythology. Mercury is sometimes described as "The Messenger of the Gods". In mythology, Mercury (Hermes in Greek) traveled between the divine and mortal realms, as well as being the only being who could travel to the Underworld and return without paying a price. In astrology this is reflected as Mercury forming a bridge between our subconscious, conscious mind, and the outer world. Hermes is considered a "Trickster" which is an archetypal deity found in many cultures.
Mercury rules two signs: Gemini, an Air sign which is social, adaptable, and curious, and Virgo, an Earth sign that is practical, analytical, and detail-oriented. Gemini is associated with the 3rd house and Virgo with the 6th house.
Jupiter is the traditional ruler of two signs as well: Sagittarius, the adventurous and optimistic Fire sign, and Pisces, the dreamy and compassionate Water sign. Sagittarius is associated with the 9th house and Pisces with the 12th.
These four signs form two polarities with the Zodiac wheel: Gemini-Sagittarius (3rd-9th) and Virgo-Pisces (6th-12th). These polarities represent the contrast between the detailed, logical, practical, and rational and the expansive, intuitive, abstract, and imaginative aspects of thought and the mind.
These signs represent two complementary approaches to knowledge and understanding. The opposition between Gemini (Mutable Air) vs Sagittarius (Mutable Fire) highlights the tension between:
These signs represent two complementary approaches to interfacing with reality. The opposition between Virgo (Mutable Earth) and Pisces (Mutable Water) highlights the tension between:
The negative expression of Mercury can include coldness, boredom or restlessness, duplicitousness, manipulation (not always intentional or conscious), being overly rational and detached from feeling, or seeing everything (including morality) as relative.
Mercury retrograde in the Natal chart. Mercury being retrograde when you were born can make your thought processes more inward-focused. You may be more imaginative and independent in your thought, but also find it harder to express yourself to others. The way your mind works is just different, and you might find techniques that work for others don't work for you. In many ways you will have to figure mental things out for yourself in life, which can be frustrating and lonely but lead to highly original thinking in the long run.
Saturn and Mercury aspects. Saturn in hard aspect to your Mercury can cause a sense of awkwardness and self-consciousness around communication and a feeling of inferiority around your intellectual abilities. You may avoid speaking or feel shame or pain around your ability to communicate. For more on the Saturn journey, see our Saturn Lessons report.